Tag Archives: project based learning

Projects and H2H Communication

Our group of four was tasked with reaching a collective understanding of the important characteristics and dimensions of projects in a language course, and applying this understanding to planning a project for an imagined educational context.  This project plan was to be written on a piece of poster paper, specifying each step our imagined class would take towards the project’s completion. Our group was expected to present our project to the class, using our poster paper as a guide. My group distinguished itself from the other groups in two ways: (1) one of our members was a guest, a former MIIS alum and current director of a Los Angeles based English language program dedicated to helping international students transition to U.S.-based higher education, and (2) our group had nothing written on the paper when it came time to present the project. My goal here is to share the decisions my group made for the imagined educational context and project, and to describe the process by which these decisions were made. That our project never made it to the poster paper was somewhat embarrassing, but I am proud of the fact that our project and imagined context represented our shared interests and concerns regarding English language education.

Our imagined context was EFL at a university in a non-Native English (NNE) speaking country, specifically a grammar course made compulsory for students aspiring to be English language educators who met the minimum English proficiency requirements to gain entry into the university. This decision was not reached immediately. Our guest (whose contributions were greatly appreciated by me and the other group members) first asked us what contexts we expected ourselves to be teaching in upon (presumed) graduation from the M.A. TESOL program. This was an appropriate question to ask, because we would naturally be more motivated to create a project for a context in which we envision ourselves teaching. A fellow classmate and I both imagined ourselves teaching English language skills development courses at the community college level. A third classmate said that she would most likely teach grammar-focused courses in an EFL context abroad, a context in which she has previously worked and found to be challenging. I believe our group’s decision to teach in the EFL context was born of our empathy for this classmate’s experience and the challenges she anticipates returning to; the decision was also born of a shared understanding that teaching is full of challenges, and that we are better off facing challenges head on.

Like the imagined context, our group did not make decisions hastily for the project design. After much discussion, we decided the project would ask the students to create a newsletter (hardcopy or digital) for the university’s international cohort of native-English speakers (NES) who are also educators in training. This newsletter would inform the NES educators in training of the host country’s educational practices, past, present, and future. Because it is a grammar course, the newsletter would provide our learners with the opportunity to use the pattern-based grammar they would study throughout the semester. In order to make expectations clear, the teacher would provide the students with a checklist of the grammatical categories to be represented (e.g. verb tenses, passive and conditional constructions, etc.). The newsletter would be the product of all the students’ efforts (i.e. writing and editing articles, managing the placement/organization of the articles, overall design), and would thus foster peer-to-peer collaboration.  It would also foster communication between the classroom and the greater campus community.

Our group’s decision to have the students collaboratively create a newsletter-type item was made relatively quickly. We liked that it was collaborative and multimodal. Before going any further, however, our guest asked if the document would serve any real communicative purpose, smartly implying that it should. Had our guest not asked this question, I believe we would have unwittingly committed the error of designing a writing based-project that removes writing, and by extension, language, from human to human (H2H) communication. Understanding that the newsletter would need a real audience in order to have a real communicative purpose, and that this audience would need to be English literate, we imagined the NNES students attending the university and sharing an interest in education.

I recall holding a red marker in my hand while the group discussed the above-mentioned topics. If I’m not mistaken, others in the group were holding markers in their hands, too, or at least had markers within reach. Despite this access to markers, we did not commit ourselves to writing on the poster paper, not as long as decisions needed to be made about how the imagined project would meet our imagined students’ needs. These decisions mattered to us because our imagined group of learners had become, through our discussion, very real. Another, less romantic but no less real, reason why we did not use the markers was because we did not stick to our assigned roles (i.e. leader, scribe, announcer, “chaser”). Even though we failed to write on the poster paper, I would be happy to work with these individuals again, because they were effective H2H communicators, keen to communicate their own opinions and ideas, and keen to listen to the contributions of others. I do wonder, though, how we’d each respond to our imagined students hosting similar H2H discussions, and managing to not produce the newsletter.

21st Century Skype-Pal Exchange

​In Friday’s class Peter introduced project based learning tasks, skills and designing. He used a lot of problem solving and interpersonal skills to help us learn about project based learning on our own. He used three activities to help us understand different approaches and frameworks for designing project-based instruction.

The first activity had us working in groups to match various project related vocabulary to their definitions. There were approximately 20 phrases with paired definitions. Peter walked around to check in with groups and help with the pairings. He asked students to report some of the pairings after.

The next activity had us organizing small pieces of paper with brief descriptions of projects on them. We first organized them into 3 categories: unit projects, course long projects or both. Using the same project descriptions we worked together to reorganize them into four categories relating to the kind of community interaction that the project encourages: classroom, classroom and campus, classroom and local community, and classroom and the global community.

The final activity was a play on apples-to-apples. Each group was given 2 sets of cards. One with a description of the contexts that could have project based learning activities and the other with a description of projects that could potentially be applied to those contexts. There were also wild cards in this category which could only be used if the player made up a project. The game proceeded with each player submitting a project to the newly turned over context cards. We would vote on the best pair and the player that added that project card would get the cards.

Finally, Peter had us collaboratively create our own projects after looking at several example overviews of projects.
Below is the lesson that we created.

Skype-Pal

Annabelle, Gerri, and I wanted to create a project-based course that would be applicable to our future career goals. We all wanted to focus on EFL (teaching abroad). We all had experience teaching beginners but at different ages; we compromised and chose to focus on middle school.

We designed this project for classrooms that are in an area with limited access to native speakers of English and need to improve their speaking and listening fluency in a conversation course. We imagined co-planning between two countries where the only mutual language would be English, but the learner’s proficiency and ages were very similar. The conversation course would focus on cross-cultural relations and awareness.

This project is designed to be started a few weeks into the beginning of the semester where students are producing and memorizing basic sentences. The first week of the project would be to introduce the partner school and explain to the students that they will be receiving a “Skype-Pal” to practice conversation with. The first week prepares them for the Skyping interaction and activating the country/culture previous knowledge. The following weeks all follow the same format with slight variation in activities to reduce repetition while still maintaining scaffolding.

Mondays focus on reflecting on previous week’s Skype session and introducing new vocabulary for the given topic (Food, hobbies, holidays, family, around the house, around the school, etc.). Tuesdays will focus on reviewing vocabulary and introducing sentence structures/grammar patterns. Wednesdays will be “practice with a partner” day; getting the students used to producing the language. Thursdays will be “prep” days in which they think about the possible questions they will ask their Skype partners and make predictions about what will be the same and different between the two countries. Fridays will be dedicated to Skyping and note taking on their partner’s responses.

The semester ends with an oral presentation/introduction of their language partner using all the vocabulary and conversations learned over the term.

We hope this project will be helpful for other English teachers who are teaching conversation classes abroad! We think it can be highly adaptable for different levels and topic of conversation.

We felt that Peter’s lesson was a well scaffolded introduction to project based learning. The activities allowed us to see examples of different kinds of projects and understand the goals, times frames and settings that would be appropriate for those projects. We also felt the opportunity to practice curriculum and project planning was very useful for our own understanding of how to begin the project based learning process.
-Kelly, Annabelle, and Gerri